STM32入門篇之DHT11溫濕度傳感器
2021-09-10 來源:eefocus
前言
一、項目介紹
本項目作為入門STM32的入門項目,也是我初次接觸STM系列的單片機,在此記錄一下。
1.1 項目名稱
名稱:基于STM32的室內溫濕度檢測
1.2 項目設計思路
思路:本項目采用ARM結構中最為代表的Cortex-M4系列的芯片,選用STM32F407ZGT6開發板進行項目開發,選用的傳感器為常見通用的DHT11溫濕度傳感器。傳感器將采集到的數據傳輸到STM32(MCU)主控進行數據處理,最后通過串口打印出來。
二、硬件準備
2.1 STM32F407ZGT6
購買鏈接:https://item.taobao.com/item.htm?spm=a1z10.3-c-s.w4002-22466574672.18.4cc84163K894AJ&id=565218048000
2.4 DHT11溫濕度傳感器
購買鏈接如下:https://detail.tmall.com/item.htm?id=15598344236
三、軟件準備
全部資料的下載鏈接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1p0LfRRw54vqTtx1yKDsQwA
密碼為:f22d
注:里面包括了keil5安裝的步驟與開發環境搭建
3.1 Keil5
官方下載鏈接如下:http://www.keil.com/demo/eval/arm.htm
3.2 STM32f407固件庫
官方下載鏈接如下:http://www.keil.com/dd2/pack
3.3 STM32CudeMx
官方下載鏈接如下:http://www.st.com/web/en/catalog/tools/PF259242
3.4 STM32CudeMx的f407軟件包
官方下載鏈接如下:http://www.st.com/web/en/catalog/tools/PF259243
四、項目實施
4.1 硬件平臺開發
4.1.1 keil5安裝
請按照本人共享的鏈接里面的開發環境文件夾里面word文檔進行操作,提取文件密碼為:f22d
4.1.2 STM32CudeMx安裝
(https://pan.baidu.com/s/1p0LfRRw54vqTtx1yKDsQwA)里面的STM32CudeMX文件夾里面word文檔進行操作,提取文件密碼為:f22d
4.1.3 BSP工程項目創建
①打開STM32CudeMX
②點擊創建工程
③搜索STM32F407ZGT6,雙擊黃色區域
④點擊Categories——》System Core ——》GPIO,選擇PF9和PF10,各自點擊為GPIO_OutPut
⑤對GPIO進行具體配置
⑥配置RCC時鐘
⑦配置系統時鐘
⑧這里以串口1為例 我們可以選擇串口的模式(異步,同步,半雙工) 串口接收中斷
a)點擊USATR1
b)設置MODE為異步通信(Asynchronous)
c)基礎參數:波特率為115200 Bits/s。傳輸數據長度為8 Bit。奇偶檢驗無,停止位1 接收和發送都使能
d)GPIO引腳設置 USART1_RX/USART_TX
e) NVIC Settings 一欄使能接收中斷在這里插入圖片描述
⑨配置STM32F407ZGT6的時鐘樹,由于是外部8M的晶振,所以得出一下的時鐘樹
a)選擇外部時鐘HSE 8MHz
b)PLL鎖相環倍頻168倍
c)系統時鐘來源選擇為PLL
d)設置APB1分頻器為 /4
32的時鐘樹框圖 如果不懂的話請看《【STM32】系統時鐘RCC詳解(超詳細,超全面)》
⑩建立工程
4.1.4 BSP工程項目開發
(1)用keil5打開此工程
(2)點擊option(錘子),然后進行主頻配置,修改為8.0或者12.0,然后重新打開該工程進行檢查,最后進行編譯。
(3)在keil5上面創建SYSTEM和HARDWAVE兩個文件夾
(4)回到本人創建的test工程目錄,添加這兩個文件夾,本人已經整理好了鏈接(STM32課程資料庫文件),復制庫文件里面SYSTEM和HARDWAVE兩個文件夾到test工程目錄下。
(5)回到keil5里面,繼續點擊那個文件管理,然后根據對應的文件夾添加文件,一個都不要漏。
注:HARDWAVE也是這樣添加工程文件進去。
在這里插入圖片描述
(6)配置頭文件路徑,選擇為第4步已經復制的兩個文件夾(SYSTEM和HARDWAVE)
完成圖如下:
(7)編程開發
main.c
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "sys.h"
#include "delay.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "dht11.h"
void SystemClock_Config(void);
int main(void)
{
u8 t=0;
u8 temperature;
u8 humidity;
int times;
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
delay_init(168);
SystemClock_Config();
DHT11_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)aRxBuffer, RXBUFFERSIZE);
while (1)
{
if(t%10==0)//?100ms????
{
DHT11_Read_Data(&temperature,&humidity);
printf("2018A14122 WuXiaoXianrn");
printf("Tem:%drn",temperature);
printf("Hum:%drn",humidity);
printf("rnn");
}
delay_ms(100);
t++;
}
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
*/
__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 4;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 168;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV4;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_5) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %drn", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
uart.c
#include "usart.h"
#include "stdio.h"
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
uint8_t USART_RX_BUF[USART_REC_LEN];
uint16_t USART_RX_STA=0; //??????
uint8_t aRxBuffer[RXBUFFERSIZE];//HAL??????????
/* USER CODE END 0 */
UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;
/* USART1 init function */
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t *)&ch, 1, 0XFFFF);
return ch;
}
void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
if(huart->Instance==USART1)//?????1
{
if((USART_RX_STA&0x8000)==0)//?????
{
if(USART_RX_STA&0x4000) //????0x0d
{
if(aRxBuffer[0]!= 0x0a)
{
USART_RX_STA=0; //????,????
}
else
{
USART_RX_STA|=0x8000; //?????
}
}
else //????0x0D
{
if(aRxBuffer[0] == 0x0d)
{
USART_RX_STA|=0x4000;
}
else
{
USART_RX_BUF[USART_RX_STA&0x3FFF]=aRxBuffer[0];
USART_RX_STA++;
if(USART_RX_STA>(USART_REC_LEN-1))
{
USART_RX_STA=0; //??????,??????
}
}
}
}
}
}
void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 0 */
/* USER CODE END USART1_Init 0 */
/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 1 */
/* USER CODE END USART1_Init 1 */
huart1.Instance = USART1;
huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 2 */
/* USER CODE END USART1_Init 2 */
}
void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 0 */
/* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 0 */
/* USART1 clock enable */
__HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
/**USART1 GPIO Configuration
PA9 ------> USART1_TX
PA10 ------> USART1_RX
*/
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;
GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF7_USART1;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
/* USART1 interrupt Init */
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(USART1_IRQn, 0, 0);
HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);
/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 1 */
/* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 1 */
}
}
void HAL_UART_MspDeInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)
{
if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 0 */
/* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 0 */
/* Peripheral clock disable */
__HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_DISABLE();
/**USART1 GPIO Configuration
PA9 ------> USART1_TX
PA10 ------> USART1_RX
*/
HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10);
/* USART1 interrupt Deinit */
HAL_NVIC_DisableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);
/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 1 */
/* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 1 */
}
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
uart.h
/**
******************************************************************************
* @file usart.h
* @brief This file contains all the function prototypes for
* the usart.c file
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
*
© Copyright (c) 2021 STMicroelectronics. * All rights reserved.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
* the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
* License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
* opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __USART_H__
#define __USART_H__
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#define USART_REC_LEN 500
#define RXBUFFERSIZE 1
extern uint8_t USART_RX_BUF[USART_REC_LEN];
extern uint16_t USART_RX_STA;
extern UART_HandleTypeDef UART1_Handler; //UART??
extern uint8_t aRxBuffer[RXBUFFERSIZE];//HAL??????????
/* USER CODE END Includes */
extern UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;
/* USER CODE BEGIN Private defines */
/* USER CODE END Private defines */
void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN Prototypes */
/* USER CODE END Prototypes */
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /* __USART_H__ */
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
(8)檢查配置,編譯下載
(9)打開串口助手進行查看
4.2 硬件平臺接線
DHT11 ———————————————— STM32
data ————————————————— PG9
vcc —————————————————— 5v
GND —————————————————— GND
五、項目總結
本此項目不難,但是很繁瑣,請大家耐心點